May 7, 2019 News by Jose Marques Lopes, PhD #AANAM – Mayzent Lessens Inflammation at Brain Meninges, Prevents Migration of Lymphocytes to Reduce Demyelination, Mouse Study Suggests Treatment with Mayzent (siponomod) may reduce myelin deterioration by lessening the accumulation of immune cells in brain meninges, and preventing the migration of pro-inflammatory lymphocytes into the brain, according to a study in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). The research, āA Mouse Model of…
April 11, 2019 News by Jonathan Grinstein Higher Vitamin D Levels in Rituximab-treated MS Patients Linked to Lower Inflammatory Activity, Study Suggests Rituximab-treated multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who takeĀ vitamin D supplements have less inflammatory activity, a study reports. Increased levels of vitamin D were associated with beneficial treatment outcomes, such as better self-perceived health and reduced levels of the inflammation marker C-reactive protein…
April 2, 2019 News by Alice MelĆ£o, MSc Analysis of TWEAK Protein Levels May Help Identify Active Inflammation in MS Patients, Study Suggests High blood levels of a signaling protein known as TWEAK are associated with active neuroinflammation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), a study shows. This finding suggests that TWEAK may be a valuable biomarker to assess ongoing inflammation and overall MS activity, and potentially help optimize patient care. The…
March 26, 2019 News by Joana Carvalho, PhD T20K in Good Position to Become Preventive MS Treatment, Cyxone Says T20K, Cyxone‘s lead compound for treatingĀ multiple sclerosis (MS), seems able to prevent or slow disease progression, according to data from preclinical studies. Based on these findings, the company is confident that T20K might become a prophylactic (preventive) medication for MS in the near future. T20K is a…
March 14, 2019 News by Jose Marques Lopes, PhD Fatty Acid Pentanoate May Be Effective Treatment for MS, Other Autoimmune Diseases, Mouse Study Suggests Increased production of an anti-inflammatory molecule called interleukin (IL)-10, and suppression of a subtype of immune T-cells, may mean that a fatty acid called pentanoate is effective against inflammatory and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), according to new research in mice. The study, āThe…
March 4, 2019 News by Jonathan Grinstein #ACTRIMS2019 – Cerebrospinal Fluid, Meninges Inflammation Profile Can Stratify MS Patients A method based on cerebrospinal fluid measurements and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can aid in stratifying patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) at the time of diagnosis, which may help identify a tailored therapeutic approach for each patient from early disease stages. The data was presented by Roberta Magliozzi, from…
February 25, 2019 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Podocalyxin Helps Protect Blood-brain Barrier During Inflammation, Mouse Study Shows Podocalyxin, a protein found in cells lining the interior of blood vessels, is key for maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice with systemic infection, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), a study shows. Disruption of the…
February 22, 2019 News by Iqra Mumal, MSc New Compounds Offer Significant Anti-inflammatory, Neuroprotective Benefits in MS Mouse Study Two newly identified variants of the known pharmaceutical agent chloroindazole showed significant anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective benefits in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis, a new study shows. Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune, demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with no known cause or cure. Patients with MS characteristically show loss of the myelin sheath, a protective coat in nerve cells that helps increase cell-to-cell signaling. Several studies have suggested that estrogens ā a type of hormone ā are beneficial to the functioning of the central nervous system, and help regulate the immune system. Thus, they are attractive candidates for the treatment of MS. However, despite their potential to treat MS, estrogen-based therapies can have several undesirable side effects, such as feminizing male recipients and increasing the risk of developing breast and endometrial cancers in females. Interestingly, estrogens work by binding and activating two different types of receptors: the estrogen receptor (ER)Ī± and ERĪ². The cancer-inducing effects of estrogens are mediated mainly through estrogen receptor ERĪ±. Hence, therapies that specifically target ERĪ² can bypass these deleterious effects. Chloroindazole (IndCl), a pharmaceutical agent, has up to 100-fold relative binding affinity for ERĪ² over ERĪ±. IndCl has been shown previously to have beneficial effects on modulating the immune system and the central nervous system, and inducing myelination of nerve cells in mouse models of MS. Furthermore, IndCl and other ERĪ²-activating agents directly support the growth, differentiation (maturation), and overall myelination activity of oligodendrocytes, which are the nerve cells that produce the myelin sheath. Therefore, in order to optimize the benefits of IndCl, researchers developed and screened seven novel IndCl analogues for their ability to promote oligodendrocyte survival, growth, and differentiation. These analogues have a molecular structure closely similar to that of IndCl, but interact with estrogen receptors in subtly different ways. Among these seven compounds, researchers found two analogues ā IndCl-o-chloro and IndCl-o-methyl ā that stimulated growth and differentiation similar to the original IndCl. Next, researchers evaluated the benefits of these compounds in a mouse model of MS ā the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model ā to determine whether they could alter the disease course, white matter pathology (level of demyelination), and inflammation. Results indicated that both compounds āameliorated disease severity, increased mature OLs [oligodendrocytes], and improved overall myelination in the corpus callosum and white matter tracts of the spinal cord,ā researchers wrote. Corpus callosum is a thick band of nerves that connect the left and right side of the brain. White matter tracts connect the cortex (the largest part of the brain) with other areas in the central nervous system. These beneficial effects were accompanied by a reduced production of the toxic, inflammatory molecules interferon-Ī³ and CXCL10. Additionally, IndCl-o-methyl also reduced the levels of peripheral interleukin (IL)-17, a molecule that strongly induces inflammation. Furthermore, IndCl and both analogues upregulated the expression of a compound called CXCL1, which is associated with increased production of oligodendrocytes. Not only were these two newly identified compounds equivalent to IndCl, but the two analogues performed better in reducing disability and encouraging remyelination than the original compound, and without any obvious side effects. āTheĀ o-Methyl andĀ o-Chloro IndCl analogues represent a class of ERĪ² ligands that offer significant remyelination and neuroprotection, as well as modulation of the immune system; hence, they appear appropriate to consider further for therapeutic development in multiple sclerosis and other demyelinating diseases,ā the researchers concluded. āWe believe we created a drug that does two things really well, modulating inflammation and allowing axon remyelination. No other drug on the market can do these two things simultaneously,ā Seema K. Tiwari-Woodruff, said in a press releaseĀ written by Stacy Kish. Tiwari-Woodruff is the study's lead author. āThe most amazing part of the study is that these new analogues of a known estrogen modulator, chloroindazole, are superior in treating mouse model of multiple sclerosis,ā she added. The team has patented the analogues, and hopes to begin further pharmacological and toxicity studies soon.
February 7, 2019 News by Jonathan Grinstein Discovery of Immune Cell Subtypes in Mice is an MS ‘Breakthrough,’ Researcher Says Previously unknown immune cell subtypes are present in the inflamed brain of mice models of multiple sclerosis (MS), a new study reports. According to the researchers, these subsets of myeloid cells (cells derived from hematopoietic stemĀ cellsĀ in the bone marrow) can offer a strong basis for therapeutic targets in neuroinflammatory and…
January 28, 2019 News by Jose Marques Lopes, PhD Tiny Cell Membrane Disruptions Lead to Nerve Fiber Degeneration in MS, Mouse Study Suggests Tiny ruptures in the cell membrane of nerve fibers enable the entry of calcium and ultimately lead to their degeneration, a study in a mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests. The study, āCalcium Influx through Plasma-Membrane Nanoruptures Drives Axon Degeneration in a Model of Multiple…
January 24, 2019 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Study of Myelin Debris Sheds Light on Brain Inflammation in MS Endothelial cells, those lining the inside of small blood vessels, promote clearance of myelin debris ā a common detrimental outcome of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS) or spinal cord injury. However, in its path to clear the brain from myelin debris, endothelial cells trigger more damaging mechanisms, promoting…
January 21, 2019 News by Alice MelĆ£o, MSc Herbicide Called Linuron Seen to Trigger Inflammatory Signals Linked to MS in Study The herbicide linuron, commonly used with other herbicides, insecticides and fungicides to control the growth of grass and weeds, may be an important environmental risk factor in the development of neurological diseases that include multiple sclerosis, researchers suggest. Used in the U.S. and other countries ā but recently…
January 10, 2019 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Common Fungal Infection Can Breach the Brain and Impair Memory, Mouse Study Shows Blood infection with the yeastĀ Candida albicans,Ā a type of fungus, can reach the brain and trigger an immune response, a new mouse study shows.Ā Although the fungus can be cleared within 10 days, it affects the spatial memory of mice. These findings are the first evidence that a blood infection with a…
January 3, 2019 Columns by Tamara Sellman Need to Know: Natural Strategies to Fight MS Inflammation Editor’s note: “Need to Know” is a series inspired by common forum questions and comments from readers. Have a comment or question about MS? Visit our forum. This week’s question was inspired by the forum topicĀ “Do you know any natural remedies that help fight inflammation?“, from May…
January 3, 2019 News by Jose Marques Lopes, PhD Stem-like Th17 Cells May Lead to New Therapeutic Approaches for MS, Other Autoimmune Diseases, Study Suggests An altered metabolism and signaling is associated with the ability of a subset of immune T helper 17 (Th17) cells to induce neuroinflammation, according to a new study of mice. The findings may lead to new treatments for multiple sclerosis (MS) and other chronic inflammatory diseases, the scientists said.
January 3, 2019 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Excess of Single Transcription Factor Appears to Hinder Myelin Repair by Oligodendrocytes, Study Finds Unusually high levels of a transcription factor called paired related homeobox protein 1 (PRRX1) in human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells hinders their ability to respond to the loss of myelin and to transform into mature, myelin-producing oligodendrocytes, a new study shows. These findings suggest a new potential way of treatingĀ …
December 21, 2018 News by Alberto Molano, PhD Study Links Food Allergies and Increased MS Disease Activity Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients who reported food allergies showed a 27 percent higher cumulative rate of flare-ups over the course of their disease, and more than twice the likelihood of having active inflammatory lesions, a new study shows. The study, āFood Allergies are Associated with Increased Disease Activity…
December 11, 2018 News by Alice MelĆ£o, MSc WUSTL Team Receives $6.3 Million Grant to Develop PET Scan Tracers The Washington University School of Medicine in St. LouisĀ (WUSTL) will create a new research center to investigate and advance the development of tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) scans. The center, which will be established at WUSTLās Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology (MIR), is going to focus on the…
December 10, 2018 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Microglia Cells Diverse with Distinct Subtypes and Certain Ones May Contribute to Inflammation, Study Finds Microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain, were seen to change throughout the lifespan of mice in a study ā and to be diverse, with distinct cell subtypes. Those with pro-inflammatory behavior may be disease-causing, as they were found to accumulate in the brains of a mouse model of…
November 29, 2018 News by Ana Pena PhD Stem Cells With Unusual Metabolism May Be Therapeutic Approach to Fight Inflammatory Diseases Like MS, Study Suggests Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs), the type of stem cells present in many tissues of adults, may be manipulated to fight inflammation and used as a cell therapy to treat inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS), a study reports. In the future, researchers plan to use animal models to…
November 28, 2018 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD High Lipid Levels Associated with Increased Disability, Inflammation in RRMS Patients, Study Shows High levels of certain lipids, or fat, in the blood are linked to increased disability scores and high levels of pro-inflammatory markers inĀ relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients, a small study reports. The study, āLipoprotein markers associated with disability from multiple sclerosis,ā was published in the journal Scientific…
November 27, 2018 News by Ana Pena PhD Homotaurine Compound May Be New Class of Treatment for MS, Mouse Study Suggests Homotaurine, a compound proven safe for humans in long-term clinical trials, has eased autoimmune responses, brain inflammation, and multiple sclerosis-like symptoms in a mouse model of the disease, a study has found. The findings represent proof-of-principle evidence that homotaurine may represent a new potential class…
November 19, 2018 Columns by Ed Tobias MS News that Caught My Eye Last Week: New Thinking About MS Development, Rhythm to Improve Walking, UK Nurse Shortage, B-cells MS-specific Lineage of Oligodendrocytes May Provide New Hints on MS Development Our immune system, according to this study, may not be the only thing playing a role in the development of our MS. The same cells that produce the myelin that coats our nerves may also be…
November 12, 2018 News by Jose Marques Lopes, PhD Controlling B-cell Numbers, Activity Key to Preventing Inflammation in MS, Study Suggests Appropriate control of immune B-cell numbers and activation in the nervous system is key to preventing inflammation in multiple sclerosis (MS), according to a study. These findings also showed that patients with higher levels of a specific B-cell-regulating cell type had less disease activity. The study, ā…
October 31, 2018 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD National MS Society Invests in Clinical Development of Human Antibody for Progressive Forms of MS Fast Forward, a nonprofit subsidiary of theĀ National Multiple Sclerosis Society, will invest up to $330,000 to advance the clinical development of an antibody that was shown to lessen inflammation and nerve cell damage in a multiple sclerosisĀ (MS) mouse model. The funding will help develop the antibody (aĀ protein…
October 26, 2018 News by Vijaya Iyer, PhD Stanford Researchers Open Medical Cannabis Company with Oral Therapy for MS Pain, Spasticity as Initial Goal A new medical cannabis company calledĀ Katexco PharmaceuticalsĀ aims to develop oral therapies that harness the brain’s endocannabinoid and nicotine receptors to treat inflammatory diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Co-founded by two Stanford University researchers ā Jonathan Rothbard, PhD, and Lawrence Steinman, MD ā Katexco will leverage their expertise…
October 26, 2018 News by Patricia Inacio, PhD Infection with Common Herpes Virus Speeds MS-like Disease Onset and Progression in Primate Model, Study Reports Infection with theĀ most common member of the herpes virus family, called HHV-6, may pass unnoticed and without symptoms, but the very act of being infected significantly accelerated the development and progression of aĀ multiple sclerosis-like disease in nonhuman primates, a study reports. Its findings support the role of viral infection in…
October 16, 2018 News by Ana Pena PhD #ECTRIMS2018 – Shifting from Gilenya to Lemtrada Doesn’t Increase Risk of MS Reactivation, Study Says Shifting from treatment with Gilenya (fingolimod) to Lemtrada (alemtuzumab), and doing a short washout period between the two therapies, does not seem to increase the risk of disease reactivation in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an Italian study shows. Lemtrada, marketed by…
October 2, 2018 News by Ashraf Malhas, PhD Lower Fatigue Reported by MS Patients after aHSCT in Canadian Study A small group of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with aggressive disease, who were treated with hematopoietic stem cell transplant in a clinical trial, reported a drop in their fatigue levels that researchers suggested was likely due to lesser inflammation. The study, “Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation improves…
September 20, 2018 News by Vijaya Iyer, PhD Rapamycin, Approved for Other Indications, Potentially Effective for MS, Study Suggests Treatment with Rapacan (rapamycin) decreased the size and volume of brain lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), an Iranian study reports. The study, āPromising effect of rapamycin on multiple sclerosis,ā was published in the journal Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders. Rapamycin, or sirolimus, is an immunosuppressive…